Culture Health & Illness Theme Three
Third Epidemiological Transition
- Happening now
- See the Mutation of Diseases to another level
- Disease are becoming immune to Treatment (Drug Resistance)
- Possibility HIV virus may start mutating (WHY)
TB in South Africa
- TB was brought to South Africa during the gold rush on the 1800's by European migrants
- Bad working conditions in the mines
- Workers were exposed to silica dust, overcrowded hostel living, poor nutritional status and stress, all of which were major contributors to the development of TB.
- TB spread easily in the mines
- A single cough can carry millions of TB Bacteria
- Ecology plays a major role in the spread of TB
- Today
- See the Mutation of TB
- Started to become more drug resistant (WHY?)
- 6 Month treat for TB= with a cocktail of 6 drugs know as first line treatment
- People stop taking medication once they think they are cured
- When they contract TB again the medication does on work
- It as Mutated
- Developing a new Strain of mutated TB
- Called MDR TB (MILD DRUG RESISTANCE)
- Mutated MDR is hence spread
- Resistance to 2 most powerful line of drugs
- MDR is treatable by second line drugs (more expensive)= CHEMOTHERAPY
- People on MDR treatment, if stop taking the second line drugs & get TB again it as mutated further b become mmune to the second line drug
- - XDR (EXTREME DRUG RESISTANCE)
- - For this the is no treatment as yet and can lead to dead in a few days
DIABETES TYPE 2 (DISEASE OF LIFESTYLE)
- High intake of refined sugar in the blood stream
- Affects the insulin levels
- That Prevents the removal of extra sugar in the blood stream
- Transportation problem
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Case Study:
- Cherokee Indian, Oklahoma (look in reader)
- Looking at how diabetes spread with this once traditional Society
- It became the number one cause of death, spread rapidly & sudden
- 1500's First contact with Europeans
- Lived as Hunter/Gathers
- Mid 1700's Europeans introduced guns, iron pots, new foods
- Brought new lifestyle
- By 1800's conflict arose between the Indians & the Europeans
- Their Land was taken away
- Forced The Indians into homelands called Indian Reservations
- They tried to maintain their way of life
- Difficult, their was restricted movement
- Homelands were small
- Late 1800's, railway built through the Cherokee Homeland
- They started growing cotton & exporting there product
- In return for money
- 1900's the cash economy grew
- Lifestyle started to change
- 1930's Homelands became overcrowded
- During this period store bought food was on the increase
- High intake of fatty foods
- High intake of refined Sugar & Salt
- Diet made up of highly processed and refined Foods
- 1940's First case of Diabetes was documented
- Due to dietary & lifestyle change
- High intake of refined sugar was been consumed
- Hence we see the rise of diabetes as result of lifestyle & dietary changes
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CHANGES:
- - Increase consumption of refined corn, low in fiber as compared to previously
- - Increased consumption of bread made from refined flour n sugar added
- - Using oils to fry foods as compared to boiling previously
- - Increased consumption of canned foods replaced home grown fruit & veg
- - MAJOR SHIFT IN DIET AS TIME/LIFE CHANGES